Today, the modern field of aerospace engineering relies heavily on the use of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining. When it comes to making super-accurate parts for today’s aircraft and spacecraft, these machines not only cut metal but also operate with an efficiency and innovation that results in advancements in aerospace technology.
CNC Machining: An Exemplary Form of Precision Engineering

CNC machining is a manufacturing process controlled by computers. It is a method that uses not only computers but also commands to operate and manipulate tools, making it possible to create, from base materials, just about any kind of component you might imagine. Obvious aliases for CNC machining include "computerized metal milling," "automated turning," and so on. But the generic term for this kind of operation, which is largely synonymous with digital fabrication, is "computer numerical control."
Aerospace parts are some of the most demanding machined components. Yet today, a new generation of manufacturing equipment and techniques offers the promise of even more satellite precision. One of these techniques is CNC—or computer numerical control—machining. The meticulous control, repeatability, and accuracy of CNC systems enable the production of parts vital for aircraft, spacecraft, and propulsion systems. Yet, as with any promise, CNC machining also demands some payback. And the payback in this case is in the form of tightly held secrets.
Aerospace design and fabrication benefit from the influence of CNC machining, which extends well beyond mere precision and into the territory of efficiency and customization. Because of the technology's versatility, there's the opportunity available for near-instantaneous prototyping that allows for any number of iterative design modifications to be made—almost on the fly—before settling on the final design. Components can be made to order, then installed or assembled in whatever fashion suits the specific, sometimes bespoke, aerospace application; this you-call-it-whatever-you-want-and-we'll-make-it agility has real implications in terms of optimizing component performance and reliability.
Progress in materials compatible with CNC machining has pushed aerospace innovation forward. The alloys, composites, and other materials that go into aerospace components are among the most advanced in the world. These materials and the components made from them have to tolerate a series of extreme conditions. And these materials have to be significantly lighter than the alternatives because every extra pound put into orbit has to be paid for multiple times over in additional rocket thrust and energy.
CNC Machining Difficulties and Constant Progress Although there are many benefits to CNC machining, there are still some difficulties that need to be dealt with to ensure that aerospace maximizes CNC machining's potential. Some of the main issues include handling the intricacies of programming (especially for complicated parts), dealing with the aforementioned "huge" nature of some aerospace parts that are nevertheless subject to tight tolerances, and dealing with the phenomenon of tool wear. And of course, people are always working on improving automation for CNC machining (specifically adaptive automation) and on using the latest computer technologies to enhance overall efficiency and effectiveness.
To sum up, precision is the foundation on which aerospace technology builds and advances. Any technology that serves the aerospace industry must be precise—its components must fit together with exactness. Mistakes can lead to crashes, and while most of us will not be flying to work in the near future, many of the technologies that serve the aerospace industry also serve the automobile industry. If our cars are to be driven in, not flown into, the precision with which car parts are manufactured must also be upheld.