Application of Multi-axis Linkage Technology in CNC Machining+ View more
Application of Multi-axis Linkage Technology in CNC Machining
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Date:2024-09-20 11:34
Increasingly complex components and demanding machining precision and efficiency characterize modern manufacturing. In this environment, multi-axis CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tools, with their basic design strongly suggesting the performance of a robot, take on a leading role for a “smart” production process. They offer superior advantages in the processing of complex parts; nonetheless, they also present challenges that must be addressed therein. This article will talk about the multi-axis CNC machine tools regarding advantages, challenges, and benefits they can offer to a smart production process.
The complex spatial movements of multi-axis linkage technology allow for intricate machining of parts, with curvatures so complex that a five-axis CNC machine must cut them. And yet, with the increased capability of such machines has come the decreased likelihood that a machinist can achieve what will eventually become a part's finished surface. To maintain a lead on that surface, a cutting tool must remain in a supremely accurate position. Yet with a workpiece clamped in a CNC machine and subject to any force (from the cutting tool or otherwise), how can we ensure that the cutting tool remains truly perpendicular to the workpiece surface? Conversely, if the workpiece and the tool have some slant to them, isn't that just an error in the process itself?
Parts with complicated contours, such as those found in deep cavities and thin-wall structures, can be efficiently and effectively machined using multi-axis machining. Such parts are often found in high-tech fields where precision counts—like aerospace, automotive, and mold making—and their many complex curves and contours make them a poor fit for traditional machining. Multi-axis machining is a more flexible, more capable, and—increasingly—more reliable method of producing complex parts. One reason for this reliability is that multi-axis machine tools can be programmed to work automatically with little human intervention. A second reason is that multi-axis machine tools can process high-precision parts much more consistently than multi-piece setups can.
Linkage technology in multiple axes is a complicated affair. It requires not only intensive training for machine operators and programmers but also demands skilled workers for machine maintenance—adding up to a very expensive technical workforce. The operating and maintenance personnel must completely understand the complicated linkage of the three to five axes of movement, the principles of operation, and the programming methods of the linkage between axes. They must also understand the reasons for one axis to follow another in a coordinated or synchronized movement, and the potential consequences if one doesn't follow or coordinate with the others (i.e., the "lead" and "lag" of some axes compared with others).
Multi-axis CNC machine tools are pricey, and for good reason. Their complex structures and advanced control systems require significant investment, and that is reflected in the retail prices. What's more, the accessories that support multi-axis machine tools—think tools, fixtures, and other sundries that go along with the machines themselves—are comparably expensive. When you add all that up, it's understandable that funding the acquisition of these machines is a headache for many small and medium-sized enterprises. And once they are purchased, these machines are expensive to operate. They burn a lot of juice, and they are tough on tools. That's a double whammy right there. Add to it the fact that the programming of these machines is no joking matter, either. You need to be a serious pro to pull it off. They need CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) specialists who can really make them live. And they need specialists who know more than just linear programming and who understand the full range of processing technologies requisite for serial operations on "parts."
To enhance the technical skills and operational proficiency of their employees, businesses need to focus on training both operators and programmers. Internal and external training sessions are effective ways to deliver the most current information and application examples of advanced technologies, like multi-axis linkage. Such sessions also allow the delivery of the core programming and operational "how-tos" on their respective technologies. Professional trainers and technical instructors at these sessions can be invaluable. Employees need to understand what the latest and greatest means for their day-to-day jobs, as well as grasp any potential implications for business operations and outcomes. Bringing in that specialized knowledge and know-how is in itself an important part of any training mission.
The complex spatial movements of multi-axis linkage technology allow for intricate machining of parts, with curvatures so complex that a five-axis CNC machine must cut them. And yet, with the increased capability of such machines has come the decreased likelihood that a machinist can achieve what will eventually become a part's finished surface. To maintain a lead on that surface, a cutting tool must remain in a supremely accurate position. Yet with a workpiece clamped in a CNC machine and subject to any force (from the cutting tool or otherwise), how can we ensure that the cutting tool remains truly perpendicular to the workpiece surface? Conversely, if the workpiece and the tool have some slant to them, isn't that just an error in the process itself?
Parts with complicated contours, such as those found in deep cavities and thin-wall structures, can be efficiently and effectively machined using multi-axis machining. Such parts are often found in high-tech fields where precision counts—like aerospace, automotive, and mold making—and their many complex curves and contours make them a poor fit for traditional machining. Multi-axis machining is a more flexible, more capable, and—increasingly—more reliable method of producing complex parts. One reason for this reliability is that multi-axis machine tools can be programmed to work automatically with little human intervention. A second reason is that multi-axis machine tools can process high-precision parts much more consistently than multi-piece setups can.
Linkage technology in multiple axes is a complicated affair. It requires not only intensive training for machine operators and programmers but also demands skilled workers for machine maintenance—adding up to a very expensive technical workforce. The operating and maintenance personnel must completely understand the complicated linkage of the three to five axes of movement, the principles of operation, and the programming methods of the linkage between axes. They must also understand the reasons for one axis to follow another in a coordinated or synchronized movement, and the potential consequences if one doesn't follow or coordinate with the others (i.e., the "lead" and "lag" of some axes compared with others).
Multi-axis CNC machine tools are pricey, and for good reason. Their complex structures and advanced control systems require significant investment, and that is reflected in the retail prices. What's more, the accessories that support multi-axis machine tools—think tools, fixtures, and other sundries that go along with the machines themselves—are comparably expensive. When you add all that up, it's understandable that funding the acquisition of these machines is a headache for many small and medium-sized enterprises. And once they are purchased, these machines are expensive to operate. They burn a lot of juice, and they are tough on tools. That's a double whammy right there. Add to it the fact that the programming of these machines is no joking matter, either. You need to be a serious pro to pull it off. They need CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) specialists who can really make them live. And they need specialists who know more than just linear programming and who understand the full range of processing technologies requisite for serial operations on "parts."
To enhance the technical skills and operational proficiency of their employees, businesses need to focus on training both operators and programmers. Internal and external training sessions are effective ways to deliver the most current information and application examples of advanced technologies, like multi-axis linkage. Such sessions also allow the delivery of the core programming and operational "how-tos" on their respective technologies. Professional trainers and technical instructors at these sessions can be invaluable. Employees need to understand what the latest and greatest means for their day-to-day jobs, as well as grasp any potential implications for business operations and outcomes. Bringing in that specialized knowledge and know-how is in itself an important part of any training mission.
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